2-14 登革热

DengueFever1

Denguefeverisamosquitoborne2infection.Thediseaseischaracterizedbyhighfever,headache,boneorjointandmusclepains,andrash.Denguehaemorrhagic3feverisapotentiallydeadlycomplication4thatischaracterizedbyhighfever,haemorrhagicphenomena,oftenwithenlargementoftheliver,andinseverecases,circulatory5failure.

Thefirstreportedepidemicsofdenguefeveroccurredin1779～1780.Denguehaemorrhagicfeverwasfirstrecognizedinthe1950sduringthedengueepidemicsinthePhilippinesandThailand.

Theglobalprevalence6ofdenguehasgrowndramaticallyinrecentdecades.Thediseaseisnowendemic7inmorethan100countriesinAfrica,theAmericas,theEasternMediterranean,SoutheastAsiaandtheWesternPacific.SoutheastAsiaandtheWesternPacificaremostseriouslyaffected.

Some2500millionpeopletwofifthsoftheworld'spopulationarenowatriskfromdengue.WHOcurrentlyestimatestheremaybe50millioncasesofdengueinfectionworldwideeveryyear.

Thereisnospecifictreatmentfordenguefever.However,carefulclinicalmanagementbyexperiencedphysicians8andnursesfrequentlysavesthelivesofDHFpatients.Withappropriateintensivesupportivetherapy,mortality9maybereducedtolessthan1％.

Nodenguevaccineiscurrentlyavailable.Prospectsforreversingtherecenttrendofincreasedepidemicactivityandgeographicexpansionofdenguearenotpromising.Inrecentyearspublichealthauthoritieshaveemphasizeddiseasepreventionbymosquitocontrolthroughcommunityeffortstoreducelarval10breedingsources.Althoughthisapproachwillprobablybeeffectiveinthelongrun,itisunlikelytoimpactdiseasetransmissioninthenearfuture.

1.dengue[5deN^ei]n.[医]登革热（亦作denguefever）

2.mosquitoborne[mEs5ki:tEu5bC:n]adj.由蚊子传播的

3.haemorrhagic[7hemE5rAdVik]adj.大出血的

4.complication[7kCmpli5keiF（E）n]n.[医]并发症，并发病

5.circulatory[5skjElEtC:ri]adj.（血液等）循环的

6.prevalence[5prevElEns]n.（疾病等的）流行程度

7.endemic[en5demik]adj.（疾病等）地方性的；某地（或某些人中）流行的

8.physician[fi5ziFEn]n.（有行医执照的）医生；内科医师

9.mortality[mC:5tAliti]n.死亡率；死亡数

10.larval[5lB:vEl]adj.[动]幼虫的；幼体的

　　登革热是一种由蚊子传播的传染病，其临床特征为高烧、头痛、骨头或关节痛、肌肉痛以及皮疹。登革出血热是一种可能危及生命的并发症，临床表现为高烧、出血，常伴有肝肿大，一些严重的病例还并发循环系统衰竭。

　　第一次被报道的登革热流行发生在1779～1780年。登革出血热在20世纪50年代菲律宾和泰国爆发登革热时第一次得到确认。