Hydrocephalus Fact Sheet: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Strok

时间 : 2009-12-01 02:18:09 来源：www.ninds.nih.gov

[摘要]

Symptomsofhydrocephalusvarywithage,diseaseprogression,andindividualdifferencesintolerancetothecondition.Forexample,aninfant'sabilitytocompensateforincreasedCSFpressureandenlargementoftheventriclesdiffersfromanadult's.TheinfantskullcanexpandtoaccommodatethebuildupofCSFbecausethesutures（thefibrousjointsthatconnectthebonesoftheskull）havenotyetclosed.

Ininfancy,themostobviousindicationofhydrocephalusisoftenarapidincreaseinheadcircumferenceoranunusuallylargeheadsize.Othersymptomsmayincludevomiting,sleepiness,irritability,downwarddeviationoftheeyes（alsocalled"sunsetting"）,andseizures.

OlderchildrenandadultsmayexperiencedifferentsymptomsbecausetheirskullscannotexpandtoaccommodatethebuildupofCSF.Symptomsmayincludeheadachefollowedbyvomiting,nausea,papilledema（swellingoftheopticdiskwhichispartoftheopticnerve）,blurredordoublevision,sunsettingoftheeyes,problemswithbalance,poorcoordination,gaitdisturbance,urinaryincontinence,slowingorlossofdevelopmentalprogress,lethargy,drowsiness,irritability,orotherchangesinpersonalityorcognitionincludingmemoryloss.

Symptomsofnormalpressurehydrocephalusinclude,problemswithwalking,impairedbladdercontrolleadingtourinaryfrequencyand/orincontinence,andprogressivementalimpairmentanddementia.Anindividualwiththistypeofhydrocephalusmayhaveageneralslowingofmovementsormaycomplainthathisorherfeetfeel"stuck."BecausesomeofthesesymptomsmayalsobeexperiencedinotherdisorderssuchasAlzheimer'sdisease,Parkinson'sdisease,andCreutzfeldt-Jakobdisease,normalpressurehydrocephalusisoftenincorrectlydiagnosedandneverproperlytreated.Doctorsmayuseavarietyoftests,includingbrainscans（CTand/orMRI）,aspinaltaporlumbarcatheter,intracranialpressuremonitoring,andneuropsychologicaltests,tohelpthemaccuratelydiagnosenormalpressurehydrocephalusandruleoutanyotherconditions.

Thesymptomsdescribedinthissectionaccountforthemosttypicalwaysinwhichprogressivehydrocephalusmanifestsitself,butitisimportanttorememberthatsymptomsvarysignificantlyfromonepersontothenext.

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